發信人: b83050@cctwin.ee.ntu.edu.tw (Post Gateway), 信區: BudaTech
標  題: 國際佛典輸入進度 utill 1993
發信站: 由 獅子吼站 收信 (Fri Mar 29 16:27:42 1996)


~---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 28 Aug 1995 21:31:43 +0800 (CST)
From: David Chiou <b83050@cctwin.ee.ntu.edu.tw>
Subject: International Buddhism Canon Input Working


大德您好：

    接下來末學將由日本花園大學佛學 WWW 上截取精采部分，
提供佛教工作者參考。

    以下這一份是國際上進行經典輸入的官方機構，資料是 1993 年份的。
在「電子達摩」雜誌中都有載。

    本信後面附帶有完整的文件檔，有將近六十頁的長度。
以下先列出一小部分精采內容：

1. 巴利聖典（含巴利語、泰語）：
   容量：百餘 MB, 含解釋等。
   售價：機關團體： US$ 500
             個人： US$ 300

2. 西藏佛學資料（內容不詳）：
   容量：40 MB
   售價：郵寄費用

3. 高麗藏：
   初步的粗略輸入工作將在 1996 年 3 月完成。
   接下來再進入耗時更久、人力更大的校對程序。

4. 佛光山北海道場的輸入 40 餘經：
   不詳。經過網上學長多次聯絡，可能由於機構過大，所以都不了了之。
   基本上似乎由於未詳細校對，所以不願意開放。

5. 中研院二十五史，包含佛經：
   採 CD-ROM 形式，其餘不詳。（據說 25 史的 CD-ROM 售價是以萬計? ）
   不知道有沒有中研院的居士能幫忙打聽，看能不能將佛經拷出來 :b   ?
   謝謝!!

6. 香港中文大學中國文憲，預計在 1995 年開始輸入 47 部佛典。
   售價： 2.5 倍的市面書籍費用。所以單部經典的費用可能高達 US$ 100   ：Ｑ


以上只是其中一小部份內容（其中 4. 5. 6. 即為到 1993 年為止世界
上所有輸入中文佛經的官方組織）。 

以上文字僅供參考，一切資料以接下來的附件，或是該機構官方說法為準。


"'*-._,_.-*'"'*-._,_.-*'"'*-._,_.-*'"'*-._,_.-*'"'*-._,_.-*'"'*-._,_.-*'" 

      URL:  http://www.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~b83050
   E-mail:  b83050@cctwin.ee.ntu.edu.tw ; david@math.ncu.edu.tw
   邱大剛,  Sophomore of Electrical Engineering Department,NTU.



---------- Forwarded message ----------
取自 http://www.iijnet.or.jp/iriz/irizhtml/irizhome.htm

   [IMAGE] [IMAGE] to Home Page
     _________________________________________________________________
   
                     Buddhist Databases and Input Projects
                                       
  by Urs App
  
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   (This survey stems from the Electronic Bodhidharma No. 3 [July 93].
   Some additional projects and updates are included in the Electronic
   Bodhidharma No. 4 [June 95]). No claim is made for comprehensive
   coverage, and especially the references to electronic resources on
   networks are very much in need of an update.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Many institutions and individuals all over the world are already
   engaged in inputting information related to Buddhism. Such information
   covers a wide range: ancient texts in a variety of languages,
   bibliographic information, dictionary information, lists of Buddhist
   masters, biographies, talks by living Buddhist teachers, books and
   articles by scholars, Buddhist maps, reproductions of works of art,
   and so on. The quality of this input varies, and much of the input
   data is not (or not yet) made available to the interested public. The
   following list reflects only what I presently know; but I am sure that
   all readers will be surprised to learn how much activity there is. I
   trust that you will return the favor by informing me of ongoing and
   planned projects not yet listed in this first survey. I must point out
   that many of the listed institutions are engaged in input of more
   texts than I could mention here; this list only deals with Buddhist
   databases.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Thai Buddhist Canon Project

   Institution: Mahidol University, Prof. T. Supachai
   Address: Mahidol University Computing Center
   Faculty of Science
   Rama 6 Road
   Bangkok 10400
   Thailand
   Tel:(662) 245-5410
   Fax: (662) 246-7308 Content:
   
   冉he entire Siam edition of the Pali canon (45 vols.; over 30 million
   characters), both in Thai and romanized Pali script.
   
   �70 volumes of commentary and textbook information
   
   且uddhist Scripture Information Retrieval (BUDSIR) software (version
   IV)
   
   History: This database was created to celebrate the sixtieth birthday
   of the King of Thailand. The King then provided funds to input seventy
   volumes of commentary. The text without commentary was first sold on
   hard disk with password protection but sold badly. The CD-ROM version
   will include some improved features, but the text will still be
   encrypted.
   
   Data volume:
   
   丘anon: 30 MB text, 25 MB index, 7 MB dictionary.
   丘ommentary: 53 MB text, 45 MB index
   �16 MB dictionary.
   
   Data input and correction: The data was input by two typists and then
   compared by machine. No overall systematic data correction by scholars
   reading the entire text has so far been done. Some data correction was
   performed with the help of an automatically generated vocabulary list.
   A Thai monk appointed for this task by the King made additional
   corrections; some of these are said to remove mistakes of the printed
   text. Because such corrections are not identified in the data set, one
   must regard this CD-ROM not simply as an electronic version of the
   printed text but as a new edition whose differences from the printed
   version are unknown.
   
   Environment: Will be delivered as a CD-ROM disc for use on PCs (IBM
   compatibles). The text data on the CD is encrypted; thus one cannot
   use alternative search software. The search and display software is
   basic; one is able to search for single terms, see them in context (at
   present only in full screen mode, no windows), and view some frequency
   statistics.
   
   Distribution: Release planned for autumn of 1993. Distribution in
   Thailand by Mahidol University, in other countries by the American
   Academy of Religion (AAR; e-mail; contact SCHOLARS@EMORYU1.BITNET or
   fax (404) 727-7959). Approx. price: US $ 500 for institutions, US $
   300 for individuals.
   
   Prospects: The BUDSIR V software now in development will run on a
   proprietary Mahidol windows system which allows for two windows and
   appears to be incompatible with Microsoft Windows. Prof. Supachai
   appears to have no plans to accommodate users of other computers or
   software environments.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Burmese Buddhist Canon (1)

   Person in Charge: Mr. S.N. Goenka
   
   Content: The data represents the devanagari edition of the Pali canon
   published in India.
   
   History: The input of nearly all of the Burmese tipitaka plus
   commentaries and some sub-commentaries has been completed in India by
   Mr. S.N. Goenka. The input was done in order to publish a cheap
   devanagari edition. Mr. Goenka is willing to release the electronic
   data in romanized form.
   
   Data input and correction: Not known.
   
   Distribution: Some months ago, I heard that this database might be
   romanized and published through the AAR. I do not know how this and
   the following project are connected, if they are at all.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Burmese Buddhist Canon (2)

   
   Institution: Dhammachakka Meditation Center
   Person in Charge: Ven. U. Silananda
   Address: 68, Woodrow St.
   Daly City, CA
   94014 U.S.A.
   Tel:(415)994-8272 Fax:
   (415)239-4245 Content: The Rangoon council Edition (1954-56) of the
   Burmese Buddhist Canon in Roman script. There is consideration of
   having the Burmese script edition scanned in analogue form.
   Distribution: Ven. Silananda would like to make the database available
   without any copy right protection and restriction.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Pali Text Society Database

   
   Institution: Dhammakaya Foundation
   Person in Charge: Ven. Mettanando
   Address U.S.: Dhammakaya Foundation
   11 Peabody Terrace No. 1301
   Cambridge, Massachusetts
   02138 U.S.A.
   Fax: (617) 864-0096
   
   
   Person in Charge: Ven. Dattajivo
   Thai Address: Dhammakaya Foundation
   23-2 Moo 7
   Khlong Sam
   Khlong Luang
   Patumtahani 12120
   Thailand
   Fax: (2) 561-1326
   
   Content: The Dhammakaya Foundation in Bangkok has reportedly input
   almost all of the Pali materials and also the English translations of
   the Pali Text Society series. Data is in the process of being
   proofread, but no date for completion has been announced nor a form of
   distribution agreed upon.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Tibetan Buddhist Text Database

   
   Institution: Asian Classics Input Project
   Person in Charge: M. Roach, R.Taylor
   Address: � ACIP Washington Area Office
   Robert Taylor
   11911 Marmary Road
   Gaithersburg, Maryland
   U.S.A. 20878-5569 Tel and Fax: (301) 948-5569 � ACIP New York Area
   Office
   Michael Roach
   c/o The Princeton Club of New York
   Box 57, 15 West 43rd Street
   New York, N.Y.
   U.S.A. 10036 Tel and Fax: (908)364-1824
   
   他inguistics Information Research Inc.
   Hakumyo Niisaku
   4-9-15 Koyama
   Shinagawa-ku
   Tokyo
   Tel: (03) 3783-9428
   Fax: (03) 3788-6180
   
   Content: Though named "Asian Classics Input Project," this project
   focuses on Tibetan Buddhist texts and images. Its initial goal is the
   input of the 4,500 works of the Kangyur and Tengyur collections
   (Tibetan translations of Sanskrit Buddhist texts). Along with
   electronic texts, other research tools (dictionaries, bibliographies)
   are to be published in electronic form at the cost of duplication and
   mailing only. The various activities of this project and a list of
   input texts are well described in a recent publication: The Asian
   Classics Input Project: Release Three (ACIP, 1993). This brochure also
   contains much valuable information on the handling of Tibetan
   electronic text on different hardware and software platforms. The
   database now contains about 40 megabytes of data, some of it
   uncorrected. Corrected are over fifty Tibetan Buddhist texts and many
   lists and catalogues as well as some text books. Most of this material
   is available on floppy disks. In addition, some graphics files as well
   as various computer programs and tools are distributed for use on IBM
   compatibles and other platforms.
   History: The project was begun with a grant from the Packard
   Humanities Institute and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and
   has received the support of various organizations, most recently also
   of the United States Endowment for the Humanities. First release of
   data in 1990, second in 1991, and third in May 1993.
   Data Input and Correction: Input of these texts is now for the most
   part taking place at the Sera Mey monastery in South India, but ten
   additional input centers (belonging to all four scholastic traditions
   of Tibet) are planned in Tibetan refugee communities. At present,
   input of the Madhyamika section of the Derge Tenyur is under way
   (using Tokyo University's edition). Uncorrected data is about 98%
   accurate; the last stages of the correction are handled by Tibetan
   specialists. Scholars can participate in the correction process.
   Environment: The data are in standard ASCII format and can be
   delivered both for IBM and Apple machines. NEC users in Japan can also
   use the data but have much less choice in search and other utility
   software.
   Distribution: The data are distributed for the cost of copying and
   mailing through the addresses listed above.
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Korean Buddhist Canon Project

   
   Institution: Haein Monastery, Korea
   Person in Charge: Rev. Chonglim �@�� Address: Haein Son Monastery
   Kaya-Myon, Chini 10
   Hapchon-Gun
   Kyongnam
   Korea 678-860
   
   Content: Input of the entire Chinese Buddhist canon stored on more
   than 80,000 wooden plates at Haein monastery in Korea is planned.
   History: The initial input work was organized by Prof. Lancaster of
   Berkeley with the support of Mr. Park Wan-il, the former president of
   the Lay Buddhist Association of the Chogye Order of Korea. When the
   Haein monastery decided to take over the project, all input data were
   handed over. The continuation of input and correction activities is
   now being organized.
   
   Data Input and Correction: The first two volumes were input in
   Shanghai in 1992 (Big-5 code using ETEN and additional self-made
   characters). The data were twice proofread but will be have to be
   corrected some more times when revised input guidelines are worked out
   at Haeinsa. It is likely that the later stages of data correction will
   be handled by scholar-monks at Haeinsa.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Beihai Database

   
   Institution: Foguangshan Beihai Training Center
   Person in Charge: Rev. Hui Chuan �d�B
   Address: Shih-men hsiang nei
   Shih-men Ling-shan lu 106
   Taipei Prefecture, R.O.C.
   ���k綯�����������樘��R�H�P�O�U嶜
   Tel:(02) 6382511
   Fax: (02) 6381293
   
   Content: Novice monks at the Beihai �k�C monastery at the northern tip
   of Taiwan have input a catalogue of all titles of texts contained in
   the Taisho edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon. About forty sutras
   (among them the Lotus, Vimalakirti, Diamond, and Surangama sutras as
   well as some major Madhyamika and Tiantai texts) have already been
   input in a format that is easy to read on screen; the punctuation and
   text stems mostly from editions other than the Taisho .
   
   History: Originally, the Beihai monks did some work on the Qisha
   edition, a partial edition of the Chinese canon (around 5000 scrolls)
   that was found in the 1930s and is very close to an exact copy of the
   first block print edition, the Kaipao edition of Chengdu (10th
   century). The plan was to use the data from the Korean canon project
   as basis for this edition; at the moment this project appears to be on
   hold, but it could well pick up again when the Korean canon project
   continues. However, the monks did not rest idle and input the texts
   listed below.
   
   Data volume: Input sutras amount to over half a million characters.
   Scriptures input as of May 1993 (in Taisho numbers): nos. 99 (part),
   102, 124, 209, 235, 251, 262, 276, 353, 361, 365, 366, 389, 412, 450,
   475, 492, 600, 676, 684, 685, 707, 779, 784, 842, 945, 1497, 1558
   (part), 1564, 1568, 1569, 1573, 1613, 1614, 1630, 1666, 1915, 1917,
   1944, and 2010. Input is progressing at a fast pace; some monks can
   type faster than any professionals I have ever seen (well over 100
   characters per minute). Additionally, a list of all text titles (and
   translators, etc.) has been input. As an example of the kind of
   international cooperation the Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative
   initiates and promotes, this list was given to Hanazono University's
   International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, where Pinyin
   readings were automatically generated for all Chinese characters in
   the Beihai file. The resulting file is now being corrected and
   supplemented with Japanese readings, Pinyin readings, Sanskrit titles,
   etc. at the H�b�girin research institute in Kyoto (see below) and will
   eventually be sent back to Taiwan and other interested parties.
   Environment: The data are unformatted text files (Big-5 code) and can
   be used on IBM- or Apple equipment with the necessary system software.
   
   
   Data Input and Correction: The Beihai monks input data using ETEN on
   IBM compatibles; the data are in BIG-5 code with some added
   characters. The Taisho format was abandoned in favor of a format
   conducive to reading texts on screen, and often modern style
   punctuation was added in order to make reading easier. The data
   correction process and status is not yet known.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Database

   
   Institution: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
   Person in Charge: LUAN Guiming
   Address: Computer Center
   Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
   5 Jianguomennnei St.
   Beijing, China 100732
   �����E�k�������������X�碚j
   Tel: 5129614 ext. 2412
   Fax: 5135025
   
   Content: Unbeknownst to the outside world, the Academy has begun
   inputting the entire Taisho edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon. In
   May of 1993, the first ten volumes were already input (correction
   status unknown), and input is reportedly progressing at the rate of
   one million characters a week.
   
   History: The Academy has been involved in input and handling of
   Classical Chinese data since the mid-eighties; it has thus much
   experience with full-form characters. It has already input vast
   amounts of data (Chinese classics, entire poetry collections, the
   Complete Tang Prose �S����, etc.) and published a whole series of
   concordances. When we visited the Academy in May of 1993, we were very
   surprised to learn about this project and its rapid progress. The
   director told us that they are financing the input by themselves, and
   we were unable to find out more about plans to publish or distribute
   these data.
   
   Environment: IBM compatibles; classical Chinese data are usually input
   in the Academy's proprietary 45,000 character code and then proofread
   once by the input personnel; for customers, input is also done in
   Big-5 or GB code. Master data (proprietary code) and user data (Big-5
   or GB code with the inevitable loss of information) are clearly
   distinguished. The proprietary character code requires a modified DOS
   environment and a PC card which the Academy apparently is selling; but
   we did not get a clear answer about the price tag nor about the
   system's compatibility.
   
   Distribution: It is not clear how the Taisho data will be used and
   whether distribution is planned.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Jinbun Kagaku Kenkyusho Database

   
   Institution: Institute for Humanistic Studies, Kyoto University.
   Persons in Charge: T. Takada
   Address: Kyoto University
   Jinbun kagaku kenky�jo
   Higashi-ogura cho 47
   Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku
   Kyoto 606
   Japan
   Tel: (075) 753-7531
   
   History: This is one of the pioneering institutions for the handling
   of multilingual data. In the eighties, it started printing its
   renowned yearly bibliography of Asian Studies on Kyoto University's
   mainframe computer, and several members of the institute are involved
   in their own database projects. The largest text input is the Taiping
   yulan in 1000 fascicles (Prof. T. Katsumura), but various other
   materials (such as some Daoist texts) are also used in electronic form
   by individual members of the institute. Input of Taisho texts was
   started in 1992. A concordance is planned for a text now being studied
   at the Jinbun, Taisho no. 2085 ���m�@叡�B.
   
   Content: The input of volumes 49 to 52 (historical section) of the
   Taisho edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon is planned. So far, the
   following texts have been input: Taisho nos. 2059, 2085, 2087, 2088,
   2089 (parts 1 and 2), and 2092. These data have passed the basic
   proofreading stage. Data are in JIS code with placeholders for
   characters not contained in JIS.
   
   Data Input and Correction: Data are input in JIS code by scanner on
   NEC equipment using the method described in the Electronic Bodhidharma
   No. 2. The data are then proofread and corrected by Chinese literature
   students of Kyoto University.
   
   Environment: NEC 9801-type equipment. For printing purposes, non- JIS
   characters are created on a Macintosh using the Fontographer program.
   Distribution: Distribution has not yet been discussed, but in keeping
   with the Jinbun tradition one can expect the data to be released to
   specialists.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Academia Sinica Database

   
   Institution: Academia Sinica
   Person in Charge: DING Zy-kaan
   Address: Computing Center
   Academia Sinica
   Nankang, Taipei
   11529 Taiwan R.O.C.
   Tel:(886) 2-789-9257
   Fax: (886) 2-783-6444
   
   History: The Academia Sinica, best known for its 25-history database
   (40 million characters), is also inputting vast amounts of other data,
   for example Dunhuang materials collections and Chinese stone
   inscriptions (some already available on the Academia's online
   network), a historical place name dictionary �������j�n�潛��T,
   person's names and book titles from the Yongle dictionary
   �i�����T�l����������, etc. Also already available online inside the
   institute are about nine million characters worth of classics
   (Thirteen Classics with commentaries, Baopuzi, Zhuangzi and
   commentaries, Mozi, Liezi, Laozi, Huainanzi, etc.). Texts already
   input and now being proofread by a team of eight full-time employees
   include the Luoyang qielanji, the Taiping yulan, the Shishuo xinyu as
   well as the Gaosengzhuan and Xugaosengzhuan (Taisho nos. 2059 and
   2060). In the process of input are now, among many other texts,
   Zhuxi's yulei, the Wenxuan, the Dunhuang bianwen collection, the
   forty-two chapter sutra (Taisho no. 784), and a whole list of An
   Shigao's works (Taisho nos. 13, 14, 31, 32, 36, 48, 57, 91, 92, 98,
   105, 109, 112). Further Taisho texts on the Academia's internal use
   input list: nos. 23, 46, 114, 115, 131, 137, 140, 149, 150a, 150b,
   151, 152, 154, 157, 167, 184, 186, 190, 196, 197, 198, 202, 204, 208,
   209, 210, 211, 212, 223, 224, 225, 280, 313, 322, 348, 350, 356, 361,
   417, 418, 458, 492, 525, 526, 551, 553, 554, 602, 603, 604, 605, 607,
   608, 621, 622, 624, 626, 630, 684, 701, 724, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733,
   735, 778, 779, 791, 792, 807, 1467, 1470, 1492, 1508, 1557, and 2027.
   
   Environment: The Academia is using a UNIX network. Data are input in
   BIG-5 code by a company (70 $ NT per 1000 characters); characters that
   do not exist in this code are entered as an empty box. The texts are
   then proofread and edited in the Academia by a team of eight
   employees. The search procedures are not very flexible yet, and output
   options are limited. The dynastic history CD is for use on DOS
   equipment, presumably with ETEN. On the Academia's own computers,
   non-Big-5 characters appeared as "@", but it appears that about five
   thousand such characters are defined on the CD. I have not yet seen
   the CD work in its intended environment.
   
   Distribution: The 25 dynastic histories are on sale in CD-ROM format.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Chinese University of Hong Kong Database

   
   Institution: Institute of Chinese Studies, Ancient Chinese Texts
   Database Project.
   Person in Charge: HO Che-Wah
   Address: Institute of Chinese Studies
   Chinese University of Hong Kong
   Shation, New Territories
   Hong Kong
   Tel:609-7376 / 695-2958
   Fax: (852)6035149
   
   Content: The first stage of this large project consists of the input
   of about eight million characters of Chinese classics. About six
   million will be input by the summer of 1993. Between 1993 and 1995, 36
   Daoist texts (ca. 500,000 characters) from the the Six Dynasties will
   be input, among many other materials. In a subsequent stage (starting
   in 1995), 47 Buddhist texts (ca. 4.2 million characters) from the the
   Six Dynasties will be input. Buddhist texts the institute plans to
   input include: Taisho nos. 154, 223, 235, 262, 278, 360, 366, 374,
   388, 397, 426, 453, 475, 618, 670, 816, 1238, 1422, 1478, 1509, 1521,
   1524, 1568, 1646, 1659, 1666, 1668, 1819, 1856, 1857, 1957, 1978,
   2046, 2064, 2047, 2048, 2059, 2102, and 2145. History: This is
   essentially a concordance project, and many of the problems the team
   has so far addressed have to do with producing printed concordances on
   computer rather than producing electronic text.
   
   The first series of twelve concordances was printed by Commercial
   Press in Hong Kong and sold out (500 each printed, 250 each sold to
   Japan). The first part of this large project consists of the
   publication of 102 Chinese texts in concordance form. At present the
   staff consists of one researcher who edits the texts and writes the
   footnotes, one computer officer, and three assistants. A rhythm of
   about one concordance per month is planned.
   
   Environment: Data are input in BIG-5 code, then competently edited and
   punctuated by one person at the institute, seven times proofread by
   university students, and finally once more proofread by a Chinese
   scholar. This process makes one expect high data accuracy; almost
   fifty percent of the Institute's total expenses go into text editing
   and data proofreading.
   
   Distribution: Once the printed concordances are sold out, the
   Institute plans to release the text data and search software (each
   text separately). It is not yet clear when the Institute will start
   releasing such text data; but the price for such data is projected to
   amount to two and a half times that of the printed book (average US $
   40); thus data of a single text might cost as much as US $ 100. Such
   pricing policies might encourage multiple input and may not make much
   sense if, as the institute plans, a CD-ROM will be released at a later
   stage. The data will be provided in a format close to the printed
   version (including footnotes in pop-up windows and custom non-Big-5
   characters) and with dedicated search software for use on IBM
   compatible PCs.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Zen Knowledgebase

   
   Institution: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism,
   Hanazono University.
   Person in Charge: Urs App
   Address: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism
   Hanazono University
   8-1 Tsubonouchi-cho
   Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-ku
   Kyoto, Japan 604
   Tel:(075) 811-5181 ext. 280
   Fax: (075) 811-9664
   
   History: This project was founded in 1990 and consists of four stages:
   1. Basic research and software development (1990-93), 2. Main data
   input phase (1993- 1996), 3. Data linkage and software development,
   and 4. Publication of the entire data set. A variety of software
   products have been released since 1990 (see list and description in
   article below); the first thoroughly corrected Chan texts on floppy
   are about to be released (summer of 1993).
   
   Content: The aim of this project is the creation of an encyclopaedic
   base of knowledge for Chan / Son / Zen research centered on primary
   source materials.
   
   乍lectronic Chan/Son/Zen texts, mostly from the Taisho or Zokuzokyo
   canons.
   
   充esearch software (Indices to relevant dictionaries, lists of text
   names and authors, text descriptions, etc.)
   
   乍lectronic tools (automatic concordance generator, text file
   arranger, search tools, code conversion programs, etc.)
   
   In its initial experimentation phase with manual input and OCR input
   in JIS code, the institute has input about forty (mainly Zen) texts
   from the Taisho canon (nos. 475, 842, 1857, 1881, 1985, 1986AB,
   1987AB, 1988, 1991, 1997, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012A,
   2012B, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019A, 2021, 2022, 2023,
   2024, 2025, 2831, 2832, 2834, 2833, 2835, 2836, 2837, 2887, and 2901).
   Most of these data are not yet proofread. The bad convertibility of
   JIS code was one of the reasons to choose another approach for massive
   data input (the Zokuzokyo's entire Chan/Zen section 榳�@�� [about 15
   million Chinese characters] and the historical and biographical
   section �j�B�� [about 18 million Chinese characters]): input in Big-5
   code with strict guidelines as to treatment of variant characters,
   etc.; mastering of data in CCCII code; and distribution in any code
   according to user wishes (JIS, KS, Big-5, GB, CCCII, Unicode).
   Environment: Software utilities released so far (for example the
   kana-kanji conversion tool for Zen terminology) are in JIS for use on
   NEC-9801, IBM, and Macintosh. A program in a new set of utilities
   (fall of 1993) specifically addresses the code environment question: a
   code-conversion program from JIS to Big-5 or Korean KS codes and
   vice-versa. Using expert code conversions, electronic versions of Zen
   texts will be converted from CCCII master data into a variety of codes
   depending on the user's needs. All major hardware and software
   platforms for personal computers are in use at the institute.
   
   Distribution: Thoroughly proofread electronic text data will be
   continuously released from 1993. Such data will be sent to the
   academic institutions listed in the concordance list below and can be
   copied there. Uncorrected data are made available to people willing to
   contribute to the proofreading process.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Korean Buddhist Collection

   
   Institution: Paeng Nyon Buddhist Cultural Foundation
   Person in Charge: Rev. Won Young
   Address: 1047 Sadang-dong
   Dongjak-gu
   Jeong am Jeong Sa
   Seoul, Korea
   678-895 Korea
   Tel:(2) 523-8005
   
   Content: The Foundation plans to input the ten-volume Collection of
   Korean Buddhist Writings ���������S��. At present, the input of the
   works of Won-hyo (approx. 700,000 characters) has been completed.
   Distribution: The Foundation is considering the AAR as one potential
   distributor.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Zenbunka Kenkyusho Database

   
   Institution: Zenbunka kenkyusho
   Person in Charge: K. Yoshizawa
   Address: Institute for Zen Studies
   8-1 Tsubonouchi-cho
   Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-ku
   Kyoto, Japan 604
   Tel: (075) 811-5189
   Fax: (075) 811-1432
   
   History: Since around 1986, this institute has had many texts input by
   companies in Japan and China. The objective was first to produce
   indices; a series of such indices was published. Now the institute is
   also having other Chinese data (such as the 500-fascicle Taiping
   yulan) input; the orientation now includes research of vernacular
   Chinese. The institute concentrates on the production of printed
   concordances rather than electronic text. Thus code decisions and data
   correction are dependent on the hardware used at the institute
   (NEC-9801 type equipment and Fujitsu printers). No electronic texts or
   computer programs have so far been published.
   
   Content: Due to the variety of input companies and countries the data
   quality varies greatly. Only data of which indices were produced are
   proofread. Proofread text data (in JIS, with more than 1000 two-letter
   alphabetical placeholders): the Zutangji (Chodang jip) �c���W, the
   Dongchansi edition of the Jingde chuandenglu �i���B���^, and Taisho
   nos. 2003 and 2004. Uncorrected data: Taisho nos. 2003, 2004, 2005,
   2015, 2017, 2025, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2548, 2551, 2566, 2574, and
   a number of texts from the Manji-Zokuzokyo collections (see list
   below). Additionally, some indices of reference works and repertories
   of Chan sayings were input. The majority of data was input by various
   companies in Japan and China using several methods (some using JIS,
   some simplified Chinese characters, etc.) ; there are thus wide
   variations in quality. Only data used for the publication of printed
   indices have been proofread.
   
   Environment: All data are in Japanese JIS code. The many characters
   not present in JIS are now input in form of alphabetical placeholders,
   but earlier data use just one placeholder for all such characters,
   preventing search.
   
   Distribution: The Zenbunka allows use of some of its data on site but
   has no plans to make any of its electronic text data available.
   However, there are exceptions.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Hobogirin Database

   
   Institution: Hobogirin Institute
   Person in Charge: Hubert Durt
   Address: Hobogirin Institute
   Shokokuji Rinkoin
   Kamigyo-ku
   Kyoto, 602 Japan
   Tel:(075) 256-4179
   
   Content: The following projects are now in the input stage:
   
   � Electronic Edition of the Supplement of the Hobogirin (Catalogue of
   the Taisho Canon with Japanese and Chinese Readings)
   
   仗ultilingual Electronic Indices to the Hobogirin Encyclopedia
   
   History: Driven by the foresight of the late Anna Seidel, the
   Hobogirin research institute has since the late eighties continuously
   expanded its computer-related activities. The sixth issue of the
   institute's French/English journal Cahiers d'Extreme-Asie was
   completely set and printed on a Macintosh system, and so will the next
   volume of the Hobogirin encyclopedia. In the course of the institute's
   encyclopaedic research activities, many useful research tools were
   created. The transfer of such tools to the electronic medium as well
   as the creation of multilingual electronic indices promises to become
   another major contribution of this institute to international Buddhist
   research.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Rissho Nichiren Database

   
   Person in Charge: K. Mitomo
   Address: Rissh� University
   2-16, 4-chome Osaki
   Shinagawa-ku
   Tokyo
   Japan 141
   Tel: (03) 3492-8528
   Fax: (03) 5487-3352
   
   Content: Rissh� University in Tokyo has produced a CD with a
   photographic reproduction of a Kamakura edition of Nichiren sh�nin
   ibun. Because text materials are stored as graphic information, one
   cannot search for words within the text. In addition to this graphic
   file, a dictionary (Nichiren sh�nin goibun jiten) is included; this
   lets users find some words or themes indirectly and informs about the
   meaning of terms used in the text.
   
   Environment: This CD requires a Hitachi proprietary system and can
   neither be used on ordinary Japanese PC equipment nor on IBM or Apple
   type machines.
   
   Distribution: Since much proprietary hardware is required, use at
   other sites than Rissh� is probably impractical.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Bukkyo University Library Catalogue

   
   Address: Bukkyo University
   Hana-no-bo cho 96
   Murasakino, Kita-ku
   Kyoto 603
   Japan
   Tel: (075) 491-2141
   Fax:(075) 493-9042
   
   Content: Bukkyo University has published a CD-ROM catalogue of some of
   their library holdings with dedicated software for use on NEC-9801
   type equipment. This is essentially a library system, but it lists
   articles separately. Searches are possible by title, keywords, author,
   classification number, type of article, date of publication, and
   language. The first edition was published in 1990; since then, no
   update has been produced.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Shugaku kenkyusho Database

   
   Person in Charge: Mr. Ozaki
   Address: Shugaku kenkyusho
   Komazawa University
   Setagaya-ku, Komazawa 1-23-1
   Tokyo 154
   Japan
   Tel:
   
   Content: The Shugaku kenkyusho, a Soto-Zen research institution at
   Komazawa University in Tokyo, has begun input of various Soto-Zen
   related data and plans to expand such activities in the future.
   Dogen's Sanbyakusoku, the twelve-fascicle edition of the Shobogenzo,
   and the first three fascicles of the Eihei koroku have already been
   input. History: So far, data input was mainly done for the purpose of
   producing indices or concordances (the first of which is that of the
   Sanbyakusoku) , but it is to be expected that with the input of more
   materials from the Sotosh� zensho, the emphasis will shift over to
   electronic text and online search. The institute has plans to input
   materials by Dogen as well as other important Soto exponents (such as
   Keizan).
   
   Environment: Data is input in JIS code, mostly using the OCR method
   described in the second number of the Electronic Bodhidharma.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Jodo Shinshu Kyogaku Kenkyusho Database

   
   Person in Charge: Mr. S. Naito
   Address: Jodo Shinshu Kyogaku Kenkyusho
   Abura no koji, Shomen kado
   Shimogyo-ku
   Kyoto 600, Japan
   Tel:(075) 371-9244
   E-mail: Nifty-Serve MHA 01674
   
   Content: The Kyogaku Kenkyusho has input various texts from the Taisho
   (nos. 1521, 1749, 1876, 1958, 1978, 1963, 2646, 2682) Environment:
   Data is input in JIS code, mostly using the OCR method described in
   the second number of the Electronic Bodhidharma.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Individual Projects at Japanese Universities

   Input projects at Japanese universities mushroom. Partly driven by the
   institutions themselves, partly by individual researchers, teachers,
   or students, data are being input in various ways. By far the most
   popular input method is the OCR method with our institute's kanji
   shape file for the Taisho (included in our OCR Toolset). This method
   is not only used by many individual researchers but also by a number
   of institutions (for example Kyoto University, Hiroshima University,
   Ryukoku University).
   
   Usually, texts of interest to the main promoter are input. There is
   little overall planning involved; as is natural at the beginning of
   such a revolution, the promoters cater to their own interests rather
   than to a wider audience. Thus they tend to make compromises in data
   quality that are acceptable for individual use but unacceptable for
   use by other researchers and institutions. This also accounts for the
   fact that hardly anybody seems even to consider inputting data in
   codes more comprehensive than JIS; there is still no awareness of the
   difference between data input for a small group of insiders (and
   possibly a computer-generated concordance) and data input for the
   purpose of electronic publication. Characters not present in JIS are
   often simply replaced by a black blob.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   I am aware of individual input efforts at the following Japanese
   institutions: Prof. G. Nagao in Kyoto had Taisho nos. 1592, 1593,
   1594, and 1596 input (OCR, JIS). Jonathan Silk (Univ. of Michigan)
   input also by OCR Taisho nos. 18 (part), 23, 31, 43, 44, 46, 220 (no.
   7), 232, 233, 350, 351, 352, 659 (juan 7), and 1469. Data of the last
   five texts have also been proofread. Students of Prof. Katsura
   (Hiroshima Univ.) and Prof. Hayashima (Kyushu Univ.) have input the
   entire 100-fascicle Yogacarabhumishastra (Taisho no. 1579) and
   reportedly also some other texts such as Candrakirti's Prasannapada
   and Asanga's Mahayana sutralamkara (T. 1604). Prof. Okimoto of
   Hanazono University who had earlier students input some texts by hand
   (Taisho nos. 273, 670, 1484, 1558, 1666, 2883, 2901), has recently
   been using the OCR method with our institute's dictionary for
   inputting some additional texts (Taisho nos. 7, 842). Mr. Nonin of
   Ryukoku University is using the same OCR setup to input the Dazhidulun
   (no. 1509; 80 fascicles already input) and has already finished input
   of Taisho nos. 643, 360, 366, 1749, and part of 417. Some professors
   of Taisho University in Tokyo are planning the input of a variety of
   Pure-Land materials. I am sure that many more such individual input
   projects are taking place; just recently I heard that Prof. Sema ����
   from Notre-Dame Seishin Womens' University in Okayama (Japan) has
   input the entire 50-fascicle Jingl� yixiang 箖������ (Taisho vol. 53,
   no. 2121).
   
   Environment: JIS code with various individual strategies to
   accommodate lacking characters. Most data were produced on NEC-9801
   type equipment; some are text files with undefined lacking characters;
   these can also be used on Macintosh or IBM equipment. Others are
   formatted word processor files (Ichitar�, Matsu, etc.) which often use
   proprietary definitions of non-JIS characters and are thus of no use
   outside of the environment in which they were created.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Individual Input Projects in the U.S.

   There are a number of Buddhism-related input projects financed and
   taken care of by individuals, for example: Jamie Hubbard (e-mail
   JHUBBARD@SMITH.bitnet) plans the input of Three-Stage Sect materials;
   Paul Hahn at the Dept. of East Asian Languages, U.C. Berkeley plans
   the input of the Korean Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa histories.
   Environment: Input of these texts will be done in Big-5 using ETEN.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Buddhist Iconography Database

   
   Person in Charge: John Huntington
   Address: Ohio State University
   Dept. of the History of Art
   100 Hayes Hall
   108 North Oval Hall
   Columbus, Ohio
   U.S.A. 43210-1318
   Fax: (614) 292-4401
   
   Content: Database of Buddhist Iconography. Present volume: about 3
   gigabytes.
   
   History: Prof. Huntington has collected a great many slides of
   Buddhist art all over Asia and classified them according to themes and
   particular elements. He is developing methods to access this large
   pool of information in new ways; for example, access should be
   possible by iconographic elements and criteria of visual form rather
   than only words.
   
   Environment: Macintosh; Laserdisc.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Japanese Buddhist Journal Literature

   
   Institution: Indogaku bukkyogaku kenkyukai
   Person in Charge: Mr. Ejima
   Address: Indogaku Bukkyogaku Database Center
   7th floor, Nihon Shinpan Building
   Hongo 3-33-5, Bunkyo-ku
   Tokyo, Japan 113
   
   Content: The Indogaku bukkyogaku kenkyukai is since 1988 compiling a
   database on Japanese secondary literature on Buddhism. The information
   will cover all articles published in 85 scholarly journals since 1868.
   Input of titles, authors, journal information, and keywords is in
   progress at twenty-six Japanese universities.
   
   Environment: Japanese NEC 9801-type equipment. A device driver
   incompatible with most available software is used for display of
   diacritics. On IBMs and compatibles, some of the information (letters
   with diacritics) is lost.
   
   Distribution: A data set of titles of articles that appeared in the
   society掇 own journal (Indogaku bukkyogaku kenkyu) is on sale since
   1989. It is designed as a relational database and hard to make use of
   in text format.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The Coombspapers Database

   
   Person in Charge: Matthew Ciolek
   Address: Coombs Computing Unit
   Research School of Social Sciences
   Australian National University
   Canberra ACT 0200
   Australia
   Tel:(6) 249-2214
   Fax:(6) 257-1893
   e-mail: tmciolek@coombs.anu.edu.au History: The Coombspapers data bank
   (e-mail address coombspapers@coombs.anu.edu.au) was established at the
   end of 1991 and is expanding.
   
   Content: This is a system linking electronic archives and databases on
   Buddhism and other Asian religions. It is a 浿pecial Projects� part of
   the wider information system called Coombsquest. Among the social
   science & humanities material, there is a fair amount of information
   about oriental religion in general and Buddhism in particular
   (Electronic Buddhist Archives). The database contains bibliographical
   information, address lists, papers about Buddhist themes, and talks
   and interviews (mostly with Zen teachers). Coombsquest also allows
   searching a Chinese Buddhist Text Archive at National Central
   University in Taiwan and a Buddhist Text Archive in Washington, USA.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Dharmafarers Database

   
   Institution: Community of Dharmafarers
   Person in Charge: Dh Vidyananda
   Address: Community of Dharmafarers
   P.O. Box 388
   Jalan Sultan
   46740 Petaling Jaya
   Malaysia
   Tel /Fax:(6-06) 611-489
   
   Content: Database on Buddhist Institutions and Communities in
   South-East Asia.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Buddhist Information on Bulletin Boards

   
   
   Content: Various Buddhism-related materials (texts, translations,
   bibliographies, discussions, papers, etc.) are posted on electronic
   bulletin boards around the world.
   
   Addresses:
   
   Japan: The Vihara interest group of the Nifty-Serve network has a
   directory with Buddhist texts that were input by individuals. These
   texts include for example the Awakening of Faith, the Vimalakirti
   s�tra, some Pure Land materials such as Tannish�, etc. which Japanese
   monks and laypeople have input on a computer instead of writing them
   on paper with a brush. The Orient interest group of the PC-VAN network
   has no posted texts but other materials of interest to Buddhologists.
   
   Australia: At the address coombs.anu.edu.au in the directory
   /coombspapers/otherwork/electronic-buddhist-archives/ there is a
   variety of materials related to Buddhism including bibliographies.
   
   Bitnet: At buddhist@jpntuvm0 there is a free, unmoderated forum on
   Buddhism. It has been organized by Prof. Kawazoe of the Computer
   center of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan. Prof. Kawazoe has been
   involved in a variety of computer projects in the field of Buddhism.
   
   U.S.A.: Dharmanet (Berkeley), managed by Gary Ray
   (GaryRay@f658.n125.z1.fidonet.org). The telephone number is (510)
   268-0102. This network features conferences on various forms of
   Buddhism, meditation, Tibet news, etc. and has a hookup to the
   Buddha-L electronic discussion group.
   
   The Buddha-L (Buddha-L@ULKYVM) is a scholarly electronic discussion
   group about Buddhism and related themes. It also furnishes news on
   Buddhism and some translations of Buddhist texts. Indology:
   blackbox.hacc.washington.edu in the directory /pub/indic/ (includes
   electronic versions of a number of important Buddhist texts such as
   the Buddhacarita.
   
   Other Contacts: Helga Dyck (e-maill address UMIH@CCU. UMANITOBA.CA)
   has information on an upcoming conference on electronic journals. The
   head of the University of Chicago computing center, C.M.
   Sperberg-McQueen (e-mail U35395@UICVM.UIC.EDU) is knowledgeable about
   SGML and the Text Encoding Initiative. This is an attempt to
   standardize electronic text formats and procedures.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
American Academy of Religions Database

   
   Institution: American Academy of Religions
   Person in Charge: L. Lancaster (chairman of the Electronics
   Publication Committee)
   Address: Department of East Asian Languages
   104 Durant Hall
   Berkeley, CA
   94720 U.S.A.
   Tel:(510) 642-3480
   Fax: (510)642-6031
   
   History: The Academy's publication committee has established a
   subsection for electronic publications. This committee devotes efforts
   to the promotion of databases concerning religion, their distribution,
   and their use (training and user support).
   
   Content: The AAR will distribute Mahidol University's Pali CD. It also
   plans to publish a CD which contains all back numbers of the AAR's 14
   journals and an electronic dissertation series .
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Materials by Individual Researchers

   
   
   With the increasing use of personal computers, a number of individual
   researchers make their own work (dissertations, translations of
   Buddhist texts, papers, bibliographies) available to fellow
   researchers and students in electronic form. Access to electronic
   versions can be extremely helpful since it allows searching for any
   word or concept and eliminates the need to retype quotes. In order to
   facilitate such exchange and also future publication in electronic
   form (particularly of translations in connection with the original
   texts), authors should retain the rights for electronic text.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Oxford Text Archive

   
   Oxford University Computing Services
   13, Banbury Road
   Oxford OX2 6NN
   England
   Tel.:
   (865) 273-238
   e-mail:
   archive@vax.oxford.ac.uk
   
   Content: Though there is lots of Western literature etc. in this
   archive, at present there seems to be only one Buddhist text
   available, namely, the Mahanirvana sutra in Pali (input by Lance
   Cousins from Manchester University). However, it is possible that more
   Buddhist materials will find their way into this database.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    Author:Urs APP
    Last updated: 95.4.16